Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (RUTI)
Infection of the urinary tract (UTI) that occurs again with a criteria, as more 3 UTIs per year or >
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Three types of pain
Nociceptive pain: It is the type of pain associated with tissue damage – injury or inflammation. It can be somatic
Read moreAdrenal Gland Scan
Adrenal gland scan is also known as adrenal scintiscan, adrenal scintigraphy, or metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan. Adrenal gland scan assists adrenal
Read moreAcetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody value, if >0.4 nmol/L in the bloodstream, uses in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis; a disorder
Read moreEnzymes versus Hormones
Enzymes are usually secreted by duct glands, and hormones are secreted by ductless glands. Enzymes are almost always proteins, and
Read moremRNA vaccine history
Year 1989 – Cationic lipid-based mRNA delivery to cells in vitro. Year 1990 – Direct application of mRNA in the
Read moremRNA vaccine mechanism
Viruses have spike proteins that are produced with the help of messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA is then coated in
Read moreAcute Radiation Syndrome
High dose of penetrating radiation exposure over a short period of time (usually within minutes) causes depletion of immature parenchymal
Read moreOutcomes of drug-drug interaction
The outcomes of drug-drug interaction can be in different forms, including three most common forms. These are (1) Intensification or
Read moreRenal Drug Excretion
Renal drug excretion consists of three different processes. These processes are (1) Glomerular filtration, (2) Passive reabsorption, and (3) Active
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